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A Multiyear Characterization of the CaƱo Island Biological Reserve Soundscape
Legg, Fiona
Legg, Fiona
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Abstract
The study of soundscapes is crucial to monitoring the relationship between organisms and their environment. In this study, we characterize the marine soundscape of CaƱo Island Biological Reserve, Costa Rica, a popular diving destination and key breeding area for two humpback whale populations. A single autonomous recorder was deployed during wet (JulyāNovember) and dry (JanuaryāApril) seasons from 2023ā2025. Presenceāabsence of dolphins, humpback whales, fish, and boats was scored. Generalized Linear and Additive Models were used to compare seasonal soundscape composition. Results show significant seasonal differences in soundscape (p<0.0001). Wet seasons were dominated by humpback whales from the BSG population, while dry seasons were dominated by fish and boats. Overall, boat presence peaked between 9:00 a.m.- 3:00 p.m., which coincides with tour-boat activity. The findings underscore the value of long-term passive acoustic monitoring and highlight the need for improved management of boat noise within this marine protected area.
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2026-04-27
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Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources