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  A Community Model to Improve Physical Activity in Children

  Hany Abdallah, Laura Caldwell, Conor Carpenter, Katherine Scovner, Timothy Snow, Karan Verma, Janice Gallant, and Sarah Adams-Kollitz

  Introdction: • The prevalence of overweight / obese children aged 2-5 in the United States is 21.2%. The National Center of Health Statistics estimates a 30% increase in the prevalence of obesity between 2001 and 2004. • The Vermont Department of Health estimates that about 30% of low income children between 2 and 5 years of age are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. • Physical activity programming at child care centers is the most important predictor of physical activity in preschool-aged children, more important than the child’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. • Although the National Association for Sports and Physical Education offers some guidelines, there are no clear recommendations for physical activity in childcare settings in Vermont and nationwide.

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  The Effects of Game Based Nutrition Intervention on 5th Graders School Lunch Choices

  Adam Ackerman, Karina Eastman, Albert Emery, Paige Georgiadis, Camilo Martinez, David Reisman, Maramawit Wubeshet, Sarah Heusner, Caroline Homan, and Robert Luby

  Introduction: Evidence shows that consumption of fruits and vegetables has health benefits, yet children across the country consume less than levels recommended by the USDA. Breifel et. al. showed that children aged 5-18 consume up to half of their daily nourishment in the school setting. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) aims to ensure access to nutritious food for school aged children. The Burlington School Food Project aims to provide nutritious and appealing meals to all students which meet the NSLP guidelines. Observations demonstrate that although the food is available children do not always take advantage of the healthy options provided. Studies have shown that where food is eaten as well as how food is marketed impacts the choices children make on what they consume.[iv],[v] A recent study showed that intervention coupled with food-based education was successful in improving eating habits. Our goal was to improve the food choices made by 5th graders eating lunch at school through a game-based intervention. We hypothesized that by presenting fruits and vegetable in a fun and dynamic manner, in conjunction with education and role-modeling, we could increase the amount and variety of fruits and vegetables consumed by students at lunch.

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  Assessing Wellness Needs of Breast Cancer Survivors in Vermont

  Alison Alpert, Wai Lun Au, David Larsen, Jenna Pariseau, Vanessa Patten, Elizabeth Robison, George Vana, Linda Dyer, and Jan Carney

  Background: • In Vermont, 500 breast cancer diagnoses are made annually. • As of 2005, epidemiological data suggest that as many as 7,000 breast cancer survivors were living in VT. • Dragonheart Vermont’s “Survivorship NOW”4 initiative aims to bridge the gap between treatment and recovery. • A literature review, including the Taking Charge program and a survivor needs assessment done by Dr. Geller, supported conducting a needs assessment in three areas: exercise, nutrition, and emotional support. • UVM COM paired with Dragonheart Vermont’s “Survivorship NOW” initiative to determine how to best address these needs.

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  3 Squares VT Food Assistance Usage by Patrons at the Chittenden Emergency Food Shelf

  Ashley Atiyeh, Elizabeth Blasberg, Katelyn Cushanick, Daniel Edberg, Mairin Jerome, Patrick Ng, Rob Meehan, and Jan Carney

  • The federally funded 3SquaresVT program (formerly Food Stamps) increases access to healthy food and helps to stimulate local economies. • 10.9% of Vermont households are food insecure and 15.8% of children live in food insecure households. • Many families are eligible for 3SquaresVT but choose not to enroll, hurting Vermont’s economy and stressing charitable organizations like the Chittenden Emergency Food Shelf (CEFS).

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  Depression in the Elderly: Attitudes of Seniors and Practices of Healthcare Providers

  Jacob Azurdia, Jocelyn Hu, Elisabeth Kispert, Autumn Polidor, Matthew Saia, Matthew Thomas, Richard Tan, Molly Dugan, Tom Delaney, and Patricia Berry

  Introduction: Support & Services at Home (SASH) is a model for independent housing for seniors that was developed in 2009 by a partnership of community providers and Cathedral Square Corporation. Results of a 2010 PHQ-9 screen on depression administered to seniors living at Heineberg Senior Housing, a Cathedral Square community, found that 30% of residents had mild depression, 6% moderate depression, and 6% moderate to severe depression. This topic has been targeted by SASH coordinators so that they may provide more support for their residents. Furthermore, a high prevalence of depression amongst the elderly population has been well-documented and this disease is often under-diagnosed, under-treated, or missed altogether.

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  Huntington’s Disease: Assessing The Needs of Patients and Caregivers in Vermont

  Agnes Balla, Caitlin Baran, Larry Bodden, Joseph Foley, Kelly Gardner, Laura Rabideau, Christopher Taicher, Benjamin Ware, Jim Boyd, and Linda Martinez

  Introduction: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurological disorder that causes a progressive decline in motor, cognitive and psychiatric function. • HD affects 30,000 people in the USA. In Vermont it is estimated that 69 individuals have HD and 420 people are at risk for developing the disease. • Crescent Manor Care Centers is currently the only long term care facility in Vermont that houses Huntington’s patients. Patients receive care specific to HD including PT, OT, Speech Therapy and community activities. Currently, 13 of 40 beds are occupied. • There is one HD support group in the state located in South Burlington which meets once a month. Due to the low population of HD patients in the state, there is no single state government agency responsible for managing the care of HD patients.

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  Assessing Health Needs of the Burlington Probation and Parole Population

  Nicole Benson, Katelynn Ferranti, Laura Frischer, Jonathan Galli, Kevin Kuruvilla, Stanislav Lazarev, N. J. Louras, Herb Sinkinson, and Jill K. Jemison

  The Burlington Probation and Parole population confronts numerous social, economic, and healthcare challenges upon their return to the community. While health and healthcare issues of inmates have been studied extensively, the health status and medical issues of the reentry offenders, particularly in rural areas have not been previously assessed. Data about health risks, major medical issues, and lifestyle choices among offenders on parole in the rural setting may prove helpful in the identification of preventative measures and development of strategies to promote positive health behaviors among the target population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health risks among offenders on parole in the Burlington area and guide recommendations towards improving their health outcomes through community and educational initiatives. We also sought to gain a better understanding of the barriers within the rural setting that prevent positive health behaviors among the parolees upon their reintegration into the community

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  Assessing Bullying Behaviors and the Efficacy of Bullying Prevention in Fourth Grade Classrooms

  Amanda Boutrus, Alyson Guillet, Chelsea Harris, Duong Hua, Rola Khedraki, Aaron Maxwell, Prabu Selvam, Jordan Smith, Stephen Contompasis, and Deb Lyons

  Introduction: Bullying has recently gained notoriety as a serious concern across all countries. Bullying is generally acknowledged to be a repeated pattern of abuse communicated to a victim by physical, verbal, or written means which results in bodily harm or emotional injury. Victims of bullying have been shown to be at increased risk for suicide, depression, anxiety, headaches, or difficulty sleeping. Puppets in Education (PiE) is a non-profit organization that uses interactive puppet shows and workshops to educate more than 8,000 children per year about disabilities, cultural diversity, and a wide variety of other issues. By performing its shows in classrooms throughout the state, PiE works to model realistic, challenging situations for children and to provide simple and practical strategies for dealing with them. Focusing our attention on the effects of bullying behaviors in schools, our team worked with PiE and several local fourth grade classes to determine the amount of information children retain from the organization’s bullying prevention program, the effectiveness of the program in addressing and preventing bullying behaviors, and the students’ overall perception of the program.

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  Breathing Easy: Lung Health and Associated Conditions in the Day Care Setting

  Richard Carrick, James Corbett-Detig, Anastasia Coutinho, Justine Hum, Gunter Krauthamer, Sarah Marsh, Gerald Davis, and Rebecca Ryan

  Introduction: Air pollutants are associated with many health risks. Children in the day care environment are uniquely suscept-ible to lung damage, infection, systemic illness & pollutant triggered hypersensitivity reactions. The latest public report by the CDC reports Vermont’s (VT) asthma rate is the high-est in the country at 11.1%. This project compared VT’s day care regulations regarding specific environmental factors linked with health risks to regulations in six surrounding New England states. We sought to assess whether VT’s regulations adequately protect children in day care

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  Community Pediatrics and Growing Kids South Burlington An assessment of collaboration between area pediatricians and integrated services for families of young children in South Burlington, VT

  Leah Carr, Wendy Davis, David Drimmer, Joey Hager, Hannah Foote, Nicholas Koch, Jerry Lee, Elizabeth Meyer, Dane Slentz, and Anjali Varigonda

  Background: It is widely accepted for pediatric and family medicine practitioners to use developmental screening tools for effective identification of children who require additional support. A recent study in Pediatrics reported that between 2002 and 2009, the percentage of pediatricians using standardized screening tools for developmental delay increased from 23.0% to 47.7%. While improvement was found, less than half of pediatricians used these tools. In addition, it is known that early intervention for children requiring extra support is essential for preventing further delay in reaching milestones. Practitioners’ use of screening tools and their collaboration with their community resources can contribute to better delivery of these services and aid in children meeting developmental milestones.

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  Screening for Alzheimer’s Disease in Vermont Primary Care Practice

  Bryan Chow, Anne Coleman, Daniel Liebowitz, Mairi Lindsay, Hayk Minasyan, Michael Mollo, Ashley Russo, Jeanne Hutchins, William Pendlebury, and Martha Richardson

  Introduction: • Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a form of progressive dementia that affects 5.3 million Americans and is the sixth leading cause of death in the US. • Age is a major risk factor for disease , and 1 in 8 Americans over 65 can expect to develop AD. • The U.S. healthcare system spends $172 billion/year on patients with AD and dementia, more than half of the Medicare budget. This cost is estimated to increase to over $1 trillion by 2050. • In 2003, the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) concluded that screening older adults for dementia is ineffective due to insufficient means of preventing or slowing its progression. • In 2011, the National Institute on Aging published new diagnostic criteria for AD. • In accordance with these guidelines the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released rules for the new Annual Wellness Visit that include the detection of cognitive impairment. • Our goal was to identify the attitudes and practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Vermont (VT) related to screening for AD and dementia.

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  Exploring Barriers to Exercise among Adolescents at the Burlington Boys and Girls Club

  Peter Cooch, Nazia Kabani, Vincent Kan, Gabriel Morey, Therese Ray, Sara Staples, Jack Stackhouse, and Pam Farnham

  Introduction: The Boys and Girls Club of Burlington (BGCB) is a non-profit that holds after-school activities for adolescents, including music, art, technology, and sports. The BGCB has struggled to encourage physical activity (PA) among many participants. We designed our study to identify deterrents to PA, as well as possible ways to improve participation.

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  Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Donate Blood? A Vermont Perspective

  Gabriel Crowl, Anees Daud, Vanessa Franz, Nicholas Phillips, Maia Pinsky, Jennifer Pons, Areg Zingiryan, Carol Dembeck, Chris Frenette, Jan Carney, and Mark K Fung

  Introduction: Supplying adequate blood for transfusions is an ongoing challenge for blood collection agencies. One potential source of increased Whole Blood (WB) supply is among 16-17 year-olds, whose donation rates are still quite low. In 2010, donors aged 16-18 years-old provided 14% of all WB collected by the American Red Cross. Young donors may represent an opportunity to establish a committed, long-term blood donation base as they are more likely to return after first donation and donate at a higher yield rate than older donors. However, younger donors also have higher rates of adverse events during donation. Currently, 38 states allow 16 year-olds to donate blood with parental consent but Vermont is not among them. Our study examines the public’s comfort with 16 year-olds donating blood. As blood donation is a voluntary system, ascertaining the perspective of the general population regarding this issue could contribute to a policy debate surrounding the minimum age of donation.

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  Cremations, Dental Amalgams, and You

  Calvin Kagan, Alison Krywanczyk, Xingfu Liang, John Malcolm, Molly Rovin, Bianca Yoo, Bailey Zhao, Jan Carney, Razelle Hoffman-Contois, and Heidi Hales

  Introduction: In Vermont, cremation has increasingly become an alternative to interment of an intact body. Many of the bodies being cremated contain dental amalgams, which are commonly used by dentists to repair dental erosion and caries (cavities). They are an economical option for caries repair, and remain popular. Roughly one third of all caries fillings done in 2002 in the U.S. utilized amalgam. Amalgam is a metal alloy containing as much as 50% mercury by volume, a metal that is a known toxicant. Dental amalgams, may constitute a source of low level, continual exposure for those with these dental devices in situ and may be released to the atmosphere upon cremation. The goal of this project was to investigate: 1. The status of the scientific opinion on potential health effects that may be associated with having dental amalgams. 2. To help refine State estimates of potential mercury emissions from Vermont crematoria.

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  Assessing Barriers to Healthy Food Access in Winooski, VT

  Michael Lam, Anurag Shukla, Margaret Gordon-Fogelson, Heather Lutton, Griffin Biedron, Andrew Ng, Bethany Collins, Kate Nugent, Hendrika Maltby, and Jan Carney

  Introduction: • The local food environment plays an important role in defining the health of the neighborhood and is an important determinant of resident’s dietary intakes. • Specifically, food availability, affordability, and accessibility have been linked to diet quality and various health outcomes. • Fresh fruits and vegetables are markers for nutritional diets. Grocery stores and super markets tend to have better quality fruits and vegetables, greater variety and better affordability than convenient stores that tend to have more prepared and higher calorie foods. • People who live in neighborhoods with better access to supermarkets tend to have a greater daily intake of fruits and vegetables. • Increased distance from supermarkets is negatively associated with healthy food intake in a study of pregnant women. • “Food deserts” are areas that are devoid of a local supermarket where residents have a limited ability to purchase affordable healthy foods. They have become an emergent problem in the United States. This paucity of supermarkets in these areas combined with lack of private or convenient transportation among poorer residents may contribute to health disparities across socioeconomic classes. • The town of Winooski, VT has a population of 7,267. Although there are local food markets and convenient stores within the town, Winooski lacks a larger grocery store. • Insufficient public transportation and inadequate pedestrian sidewalks make it more difficult for residents to access supermarkets located in other towns.

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  Barriers to Complete Adult Vaccinations in Vermont

  Bhanu Muniyappa, Nicholas Wilkie, Ashley Miller, Katherine Anderson, Mayu Toner, Francesca Boulos, Michelle Force, Christine Finley, and Burton Wilcke

  Introduction/Background: • Child immunization is nearly universally accepted as an effective preventative measure against infectious diseases, yet adult immunization rates continue to lag behind recommended levels. • Epidemiological trends suggest a correlation between vaccine administration and decreased rates of significant morbidity and mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits, work absenteeism, and illness associated expenses. • As of 2010, Vermont is failing to meet its adult immunization goals by 13-43%. • This study aims to understand and identify specific barriers to adult immunization in Vermont.